Biophilia Tracker and Spleen

First of all, before we pay attention to our body organs, we need to understand that using Biophilia Tracker equipment in the home is very practical, because it can not only pay attention to the physical health trend of us and our family, but also can stifle the disease in the "cradle" to a certain extent. middle".

The spleen is an important lymphoid organ. It is located in the upper left of the abdominal cavity. It is flat and oval, dark red, soft and brittle. The spleen is located between the stomach fundus and the diaphragm in the left subcostal region, just opposite the 9th to 11th ribs, and its long axis is consistent with the 10th rib. Under normal circumstances, the lower edge of the left costal arch cannot be palpated. The spleen is divided into inner and outer sides, upper and lower borders, and front and rear ends. The depression on the inner surface is adjacent to the fundus of the stomach, the left kidney, the left adrenal gland, the tail of the pancreas and the left flexure of the colon, and is called the visceral surface. There is a groove near the center of the visceral surface, where the nerves and blood vessels enter and exit, called the spleen hilum. The outer surface is smooth and the eminence is opposite to the diaphragm, which is called the diaphragm surface. There are 2-3 notches in the front of the upper border, called splenic notches. In the presence of splenomegaly, the presence of the splenic notch can be used as a palpable marker. Near the spleen, in the gastrosplenic ligament and the greater omentum, dark red accessory spleens of different sizes and numbers are often seen. When the splenectomy is performed due to hypersplenism, the accessory spleen should be removed together. The spleen belongs to the reticulocutaneous system and is the largest lymphoid organ in the human body. It differs from lymph nodes in that it has no lymphatic sinuses, but has a large number of blood sinuses in it.

1. Histological structure

The parenchyma of the spleen is divided into three parts: white pulp, red pulp and marginal zone. The white pulp is composed of dense lymphocytes and is the main site of the body's specific immunity. When the antigen invades the spleen to cause a humoral immune response, the white pulp lymph node will increase in large numbers. The red pulp is mainly composed of the spleen blood sinus and the spleen cord. The blood flow in the red pulp is slow, making it possible for the full contact between the antigen and the phagocytic cells, and it is the main place for the phagocytosis of the immune cells. The marginal zone (MZ) is located at the junction of the red pulp and the white pulp. The lymphocytes in this zone are sparser than those of the white pulp, mainly B cells, but there are more macrophages (Mφ), which capture and recognize antigens in the spleen. and an important site for eliciting an immune response.

The distribution of nerves

The nerves innervating the spleen are mainly sympathetic postganglionic fibers in the abdominal cavity, which enter the spleen from the hilum of the spleen along with the splenic artery. The cholinergic nerves are not only distributed with the vasculature, but also distributed in the parenchyma of the spleen, and distributed in different structures of nerves. Fibers are connected to each other. The influence of spleen sympathetic nerve on spleen immune function is mainly manifested in two aspects: regulation of spleen blood perfusion and spleen immune cell function. The electrophysiological activity of spleen sympathetic nerve is dose-dependent with endotoxin. The greater the dose of endotoxin, the higher the intensity of electrophysiological activity of spleen sympathetic nerve, the shorter the incubation period, and the lower the blood perfusion of the spleen, indicating that the splenic sympathetic nerve is sensitive to endotoxin. It has high sex and can quickly adjust the blood flow of the spleen, so that it can show the corresponding immune response. The study also found that the release of sympathetic nerve impulses in the spleen caused by systemic fever can cause changes in the expression of spleen cytokine-related genes, of which IL-1 and IL-6 are the most obvious, but the specific effects on immune function are still unclear. The nerve fibers of the spleen are in the process of continuous remodeling of structure and function, which is related to the continuous stimulation of the body, and the continuous stimulation of immune system and neuroendocrine system, coordination of functions, response and regulation.

3. Physiological function

The place where T cells and B cells settle: The spleen is the place where mature lymphocytes settle, among which B cells account for about 60% of the total number of spleen lymphocytes, and T cells account for about 40%.

The site of immune response: As a peripheral immune organ, the main difference between the spleen and the lymph node is that the spleen is the main site of the primary immune response to blood-borne antibodies, while the lymph node mainly responds to antigens from draining lymph.

Synthesis of biologically active substances: The spleen can synthesize and secrete some important active substances, such as complement components and cytokines.

Filtration: About 90% of the circulating blood in the body flows through the spleen, which can purify the blood.

The Biophilia Tracker device can well protect our body's organs, making us and our families healthier and resistant to disease.